A noted historian wrote several in-depth scholarly articles centering on the generational contexts of the Women’s Movement, from its inception over one hundred years ago to today. Part of his studies focused on discriminatory ordinances and laws in both the public and private sectors. He claims that these instruments of discrimination have shifted from being reflections of the  prevailing attitudes (of both males and females)  dictating the roles women can and should take in our day-to-day lives to such ordinances and laws now being viewed as repugnant, resulting in a call to action for their overthrow or repeal.

Which recent actions, if true, would most directly undermine the historian’s claim?

“The Parting” is a poem written around 1900 by Michael Drayton about a romance that is ending. The poem directly addresses the lover who is leaving and reveals the pain that the speaker is experiencing, but it also reaches out with an expression of hope of reconciliation: _______

Which quotation from “The Parting” most effectively illustrates the claim that the speaker is still seeking reconciliation with the lover?

In the late-twentieth century, a clinical professor of family studies suggested that American teens in the 1980s were adopting an ethic of self-indulgence because they personally had never experienced an international war and growing up had all their needs met, giving them a sense of confidence in their futures. At the same time, however, she observed that the constant threat of nuclear war, reinforced by the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Cold War, brought out in the same generation feelings that they should make the most of life now because tomorrow may never come. She concludes, then, that although the causal factors are in direct opposition, the results are the same.

Which of the following, if true, would support the professor’s claim?

A scientist in the field of ethology (the study of the behavior of animals) applies for a research grant to conduct a study of the communication between horses and humans as demonstrated in “horse whispering.” Horse whispering is a technique in which the horse trainer becomes aware of the horse’s nonverbal communications and responds sympathetically, attempting to meet the needs of the animal as part of the training experience. The scientist includes in the grant application a claim that observing, isolating, studying, and applying the different components of horse whispering would result in a paradigm that could be incorporated into animal-training programs for equine therapy animals.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researcher’s claim?

“The Flower” is a poem written about 1830 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson to address those who criticize his poetry. The speaker throws down a seed (representing his poetry) that takes root and grows. The people call it a weed until it grew to be a tall and beautiful flower. Thieves stole it, and it was sown everywhere (other poets copying his style and so forth), until it became common, with some flowers that were pretty and some that were
poor, at which point the people once again called it a weed. The speaker claims that this story is a fable, meaning it contains a moral or lesson.

Which quotation from “The Flower” most effectively illustrates the claim?

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is threatening both the wild and domestic populations of rabbits in the continental United States. It is transmitted by contact with infected rabbits, of course, but it is so contagious that it can also be spread by just about anything from clothing and equipment to water and insects. The talons of birds of prey have been reported to spread the disease from one area to another. One researcher claims that many owners of domestic rabbits may be unaware of the magnitude of the ecological disaster ahead if the progress of this disease is not
stopped. She proposes that a massive educational campaign be funded by state governments to make people more aware of the serious nature of the situation and to give them the knowledge and resources they need to stop its spread.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researcher’s claim?

A writer has been collecting anecdotal evidence about the relationship human health has to pet ownership. He has been talking to friends, family, and coworkers about their pets and their health and has plans to publish their stories in an e-book format. Based on these interviews, he is
convinced that people who have pets are healthier and live longer lives than those who do not have pets.

Which finding, if true, would most directly undermine the writer’s claim?

Soil biodiversity is an increasingly debated topic in the global conversation about how to meet the challenges of climate change and food shortages. For soil to be healthy, it must contain many diverse organisms that can function in an interdependent relationship with vegetation, called nutrient cycling. Soil scientists claim that fungi can actually help regulate our climate through nutrient cycling.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the scientists’ claim?

Canadian poet Emily Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) was the daughter of a Mohawk chief and an English woman. In the “Author’s Forward” to her volume of collected verse, Johnson tells us that she titled the collection Flint and Feather because both “flint and feather bear the hallmark of my Mohawk blood.”

Which quotation from the “Author’s Forward” of Flintand Feather most effectively supports her claim?

She Stoops to Conquer is a play by Oliver Goldsmith written in 1773. Critics claim that the play is a satire focused on the landed gentry and their unwillingness or inability to change in a changing eighteenth-century world.

Which quotation from She Stoops to Conquer most effectively illustrates the claim?

Frances Willard gave a speech in 1876 in which she advocates for women’s suffrage. She claims that men should be instrumental in facilitating the  efforts to make it legal for women to vote because men bear the responsibility of suppressing women’s suffrage.

Which quotation from Willard’s speech most effectively illustrates the claim?

The Tiny House Movement is a trend that promises a life that is simpler and more sustainable by downsizing to a home generally under 400 square feet and built on wheels as compared to the average American home of 2,500 square feet on a solid foundation. Advocates of tiny homes point out that they are more economical to build, reduce living expenses, and are environmentally friendly.

Which finding in a recent study, if true, would most directly undermine the claims of the Tiny House Movement?

As one would expect, dancing has many physical benefits, including improving heart and lung health. Social scientists, however, now believe there are correlations between dancing and brain function, particularly to lessen forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Which of the following, if true, would best support this claim?

Bretziella fagacearum is the fungus that causes oak wilt, usually killing an infected oak tree by growing into and blocking the tree’s water-conducting system. It is found largely in the central United States. This invasive disease is known regionally to cost landowners millions of dollars in dead tree removal and in property value losses as it spreads from property to property though its root systems underground and sap beetle migrations. A study reports that as a result of climate change, the southern Ontario, Canada, region may soon experience a costly and destructive invasion of this fungus.

Which of the following, if true, would most directly support the claim?

A literary historian writes an article for publication about the events leading to the first example of completed English prose, called “Handbook” (A.D. 887) under the leadership of King Alfred. In her article, she claims that these events,—for example, putting English into written form so that everyone could gain an English education, served to save the English individualized kingdoms from falling into the hands of the Danes; and they gave the English people a sense of national pride and unity that significantly contributed to England becoming one nation.

Which finding, if true, would most directly undermine the historian’s claim?